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pvtrace - PV diagram envelope tracing
pvtrace in=image [parameter=value]
pvtrace tries to recover the rotation curve from a single
position-velocity (PV) diagram, by tracing the outer edges of the signal
that, after correction for a velocity dispersion factor, is the material
with the maximum amount of tangential motion. This is particularly appropriate
for high-inclination galaxies, where significant amounts of gas is observed
below the rotation speed, due to line-of-sight integrations and simple moments
in velocity or gaussian fits fail to recover the appropriate rotation speed.
The rotation velocity, V, is determined from a terminal velocity V_t in
the usual way:
V = (V_t - V_sys)/sin(i) - sigma
but corrected for a dispersion factor sigma. The terminal velocity is defined
by the velocity at which the intensity becomes equal to
I_t = sqrt( (eta*I_max)^2 + (I_lc)^2 )
where I_max is the maximum intensity in the map, and I_lc the lowest contour
(usually 3 times the noise in the PV diagram). Both eta and I_lc can be
set via parameters to the program. Typical values for eta = 0.2 - 0.5.
In addition,
this program will also perform the usual peak fit, gaussian fit, and simple
first moment analysis. See OUTPUT below for the output format. For lower
inclinations, the envelope tracing method should give simular results to
the other methods.
MET = Modified Envelope Tracing method (Gentile et al.,
see below)
V = [ |V_t - V_sys| - 0.5 sqrt(sigma^2 * 8ln2) ] / sin(i)
where sigma is really the quadrature sum of three components representing
the ISM, instrumental resolution and beam smearing.
WAMET = WArped Modified
Envelope-Tracing method
The following parameters are recognized
in order; they may be given in any order if the keyword is also given. Use
--help to confirm this man page is up to date.
- in=
- Input image file - must
be an PV image(5NEMO)
with position along the 1st axis, and velocity along
the 2nd. Units are not important. Use ccdsub reorder=xzy for an X-Y-VZ cube
to be properly reordered. No default.
- eta=
- [0..1] weight factor for I_max
adding to I_lc. [Default: 0.2]
- ilc=
- Lowest Contour value. Normally taken as
something like 3 times the noise level. [Default: 0]
- sign=-1|1
- Designates
rotation of the galaxy. This is only important for tracing the ’right’ part
of the PV diagram. sign=1 is meant for PV diagrams where the approaching
side is for positive positions. By using the "wrong" value of sign you can
find out something about the radial extent of the tracer, as for large
radii this would cause small values of dV/dR. For a known rotation curve
using sign=1 one could determine the radial extent from sign=-1. [Default:
1]
- sigma=
- Velocity dispersion correction factor. This includes both the
observational resolution as well as the velocity dispersion of the tracer
component that is being observed. [Default: 0]
- clip=
- Clipping values to
aid removing noisy values around 0. If value(s) given, signal will be clipped
as follows: if one value given, clipping occurs between -clip and clip. If
two numbers given, clipping occurs between clip(1)
and clip(2)
. Default:
None
- vsys=
- Systemic velocity of the galaxy. Since the velocity axis (assumed
to be the 2nd or Y-axis), this number is simply subtraced from each velocity
determination. [Default: 0]
- inc=
- Inclination of the galaxy. Each rotation
speed is corrected by sin(inc). [Default: 90]
- center=
- Center of the galaxy
along the Position axis. [Default: 0]
- rotcur=t|f
- Should a folded rotation
curve be tabulated? If so, negative positions will have both position and
velocity with a positive sign, thus creating two rotation curves, receding
and approaching, which can be plotted on top of each other and compared.
[Default: false]
- out=
- Output file in case input file was a cube and output
is now a map, not a table.
- mode=
- Which of the output modes (see OUTPUT below)
will be used for the output map. [Default: 2]
Output of the program
will be an ASCII table, with various derived velocities as function of
position along the P axis in the PV-diagram. The following columns are returned
(see also mode= above):
1 position from the P-axis of the PV diagram
2 envelope tracing (corrected with vsys, sini, and sigma)
3 first moment (sum(I*v)/sum(I)) (corrected with vsys, sini)
4 velocity at peak of signal
5 velocity at peak of parabolic fit of 3 points at peak signal
6 gaussian fit
7 half gaussian fit
8 half gaussian fit, with for MET correction
Position axis must be carefully created such that the galaxy center
is at P=0, whereas for velocity it can be corrected with VSYS=. This is
easy for theoretical data, but cumbersome for real data.
The MET mode is
still not very robust, clipping helps.
rotcur(1NEMO)
, runvelfitss07(1NEMO)
,
ccdvel(1NEMO)
, snapgrid(1NEMO)
, ccdmom(1NEMO)
, ccdsub(1NEMO)
Sancisi & Allen 1979
Sofue, Y. 1996 ApJ 458, 120
Sofue et al 1997 PASJ 49, 17
Sofue et al 523, 136
Sofue et al (1997AJ....114.2428S)
Gentile et al. (2004MNRAS.351..903G) - MET/WAMET method
Aso & Sai - Spectral Line Analysis/Modeling (SLAM) - https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.07988
src/image/rotcur sources
Peter Teuben
5-May-01 V1.0 Created PJT
6-may-01 V1.1 clip=, interpolated to find trace PJT
18-mar-09 V1.3 added rotcur= PJT
9-jun-09 V1.4 implemented MET= PJT
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